Summary Of Book The Poisonwood Bible - 1079 Words

Major Work Data Sheet Name: Noah Andrews Period 3 Part I Title: The Poisonwood Bible Author: Barbara Kingsolver Date of Original Publication: Kingsolver started writing it in 1993, it was published in 1998 by HarperCollins publishing company. Biographical information about the author: Barbara Kingsolver was born in 1955, and she grew up in the farmlands of Kentucky. She has lived all over the world, including destinations such as the Canary Islands, Mexico, and South America. She currently lives in southwest Virginia. She was named one of the most important writers of the 20th century by Writer s Digest. She also established the Bellwether prize for fiction, which helps new authors get recognized for their fantastic work. http://www.kingsolver.com/biography/ Genre(s) and characteristics of genre(s): Family Saga-a historical retelling of a family experience and struggle in the Congo. Historical Fiction-Kingsolver uses this genre to express the general feeling of guilt the Americans experience. Coming of age-As shown by the before and after attitudes of the Price daughters, all of them grow up, especially Adah, and perceive life from a more mature level when they arrive home. (except Rachel) Political Allegory-A general motif of American guilt from post-colonialism shows in all of the Price women, showing how Kingsolver uses the guilt to her advantage.

The Child s Emotional Tie - 850 Words

Attachment is having a strong bond with one or two people in their life. These individuals mean everything to them. They are the person they find consolation when they feel down. In addition, they feel secure, safe and excited to be around these individuals. For example, a mother is the first person that comes in contact with her child. According to Freud as cited in Berk (2012) the child’s emotional tie to the mother is the â€Å"foundation† for relationship later on in life. Therefore, the findings on early infant attachment and subsequent developments depends on the consistency of care and affection given to the infant determines the behavior of the child. For the past several years, the focus has been on the interaction between the parent and the infant and the effect it has on the developmental processes such as attachment, emotional regulation, temperament, and many more (Evans Porter, 2009). According to Erikson’s theory as mentioned in Gross (2011) that if care has been under constant nurture and sensitivity the child will develop a sense of hope and trust around his environment. Erikson’s psychosocial theory- basic trust versus mistrust can be linked to parent-child attachment (Berk 2012). For example, newborn to one year old establishes trust if nurture is properly provided by the primary caretaker. Otherwise, feelings of doubtfulness happens if affection is not provided. Furthermore, Pasco Belsky (2011) refers to attachment as a special bond between the child andShow MoreRelatedThe Principles, Sequences And Stages Of A Child s Growth And Development1284 Words   |  6 Pagesand stages of a child s growth and development. This includes Social development, Physical Development, Intellectual development and communication development. Physical development outlines the basic body changes which you begin to develop such as fine motor skills, which is like writing and so on. This also includes social development, where you w ill meet new people everyday and interact with them, and become more involved in the relationships you will share with others. Emotional development whereRead MoreCase Study on Processes in Pre-school Children Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesDescription of Child In order to be a school age child or in middle childhood you first have to go through the preschool years. Jose was born in Salinas, CA in February 2009. He lives with his mother and dad and has two sisters. His mother doesn’t work right now so, he is most of the time with his mother while his dad works full time and only sees him before going to sleep. Both of his parents are Mexican descent and are a working class. For his age, he is the average size and has short hairRead MoreThe Social And Emotional Development Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesAttachment relationship is important for both child and parents/caregiver to develop because of social and emotional need. A child’s emotional and social development has significant impact for the social function of a child throughout their lives, education, friendships and employment. Research show that a child with no social and emotional development are at very high risk of having poor relationships with peers, academic problems and can lead them into poor decision in life and crime. Many researchesRead MoreHuman Development : The Persepectives Of An Individual Narrative Can Provide An Overwhelming Sense Essay1544 Words   |  7 Pagessense During the prenatal stage my mother remained healthy throghout the summer pregnancy. I was born at an average birth weight of 8.0 pound with no complacations through assisted vaginal birth, even with the increased risk of being the second child. My healthy birthweight reflected my mothers diligince in healthy eating, avoidance of tetragens, and staying active throughout the pregnancy. According to Urie Bronfenbrenner’s theory of the ecological model every person is affected by a number ofRead MoreHow Does Attachment Influence The Social And Emotional Development Of The Child? Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagesthe social and emotional development of the child? A child’s social and emotional development has significant implications for the social functioning of a child throughout their lives, in their education, friendships and employment. A child with poor or social and emotional development are at risk of experiencing poor relationships with peers, academic problems and can lead them into involvement in unsociable activities or crime. Research suggests the key to social and emotional development liesRead MoreChild Abuse and Maltreatment Is Not Limited to a Particular Age and Can Occur in the Infant, Toddler, Preschool, and School-Age Years. Choose One of the Four Age Groups (Infant, Toddler, Preschool, or School Age) and937 Words   |  4 PagesChild abuse is more than bruises and broken bones. While physical abuse might be the most visible, other types of abuse, such as emotional abuse and neglect, also leave deep, lasting scars. (Help guide.org). The earlier abused children get help, the greater chance they have to heal and break the cycle—rather than perpetuating it. There is a myth that only bad people abuse their children. (Help guide.org) But the fact is while it s easy to say that only bad people abuse their children, it s notRead MoreAdvertising And The Emotional Response Of Advertising989 Words   |  4 Pagesif they were follow ing a specific formula. In addition there were also some differences in how these companies decided to sell their product. The main aspect that can clearly be seen in each of these commercials from different companies, is the emotional response that advertisers are expecting to get out of viewers. However different these different products may be, there are some key similarities in the ads that the companies put out in order to sell the products. Most people that have any knowledgeRead MoreThe Role Of A Father954 Words   |  4 Pagesneeded love and support. Showering them with lots of cash does not necessarily indicate love and support. He should be ready to give them an ear, comfort them and spend quality time as well as quantity time with them. This is crucial in creating an emotional tie, a prerequisite for strong and healthy family relationship. The father therefore plays the role of loving and supporting his spouse and offspring. Camon extensively explored the effects of not having a fathers love and support on a child’s developmentRead MoreThe Emotional Link Of Attachment1661 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout one’s life. It is defined as the â€Å"strong affectionate tie we have for special people in our lives that lead us to experience pleasure and joy when we interact with them and to be comforted by their nearness in times of stress† (Berk, 2011, p. 264). When an individual meets the child’s needs, an attachment begins to form. The primary caregiver, preferably the mother, is considered to be the initial secure base for the child. The emotional connection infants have towards their mother is what theoristRead MoreThe Social And Emotional State Of Good Tv Shows1243 Words   |  5 PagesMichelle Seiler 11-11-15 Child Development #10 Do you know what your kids are watching on TV these days? My topic is What is the social and emotional state of good TV shows vs bad TV shows. I think my topic is important because TV is very influnetly to children. There are many positive aspects of good TV shows. It can promote early reading, teach songs, and teach good values children need in life. The negative aspects of bad TV shows are that it can teach children bad language, violence, and inappropriate

Review Of Cloud Solutions And SDLC Approach My Assignment Help

Question: Review of Benefits and Disadvantages of Cloud Solutions and SDLC Approach? Answer: Introduction: The My Health Record has been the initiative by Commonwealth Government in Australia. It has been providing people with the integrated platform through online. This has helped in recording, viewing, modifying and handling the information regarding health issues. The project of My Health Record has been considering solutions to be cloud based. This has been required to be investigated. The report has discussed various non-functional requirements, review of benefits and disadvantages of cloud solutions and SDLC approach. The non-functional requirements: The cloud-based refers to the servers, resources and applications made available on demand of the users through online from the servers of the cloud computing providers. The non-functional requirements are the qualities expected to be possessed by a system. It also considers the constraints within which the system operates (Botta et al., 2016). Used to the FURPS+ acronym as the reference, the non-functional requirements have been sometimes called as the ilities. This is because it might end with the term ility like reliability, maintainability, availability and so on. Moving of My Health Record to cloud has various advantages like decreasing of capital costs, operating costs with increase in support for mobile and remote staffs. It also supports the infrastructure flexibility. As implemented appropriately, the cloud services could change the corporate view of My Health Records IT as center of cost to the competitive advantage. This would able to affect positively the top-line revenue. The project should assure that the provider of cloud service delivers the services that the company needs for running the business. This has been critical for effective migration of all the IT services to cloud. In order to ensure the proper choice, some attributes of the non-functional requirements are to be followed while evaluating the service provider (Buyya, Vecchiola Selvi, 2013). Usability: This has been different depending upon the identification of the clients. The clients might be the architects or developers, business rulers or the IT operations. In every case the company requires to consider the easy usage of the software. They must also consider how well the interfaces have been designed. The IT would be no longer secret in the company. Rather, the engaging systems have been out there for the external world. The effective designing of the systems become more significant than before. Reliability: The business-critical services have been very complicated. The business at many times could not afford to possess their services of IT going down due to an outrage impacting the business effectively. Missed calls, e-mails, unshared documents and delayed quotes could affect the top-line revue with the bottom-line costs (Toosi, Calheiros Buyya, 2014). The reliability has been concerned about decreasing the probability of the service outrage. The company should seek for the service providers that possess the least history of cloud outages. Performance: It deals with the method how well the cloud architecture has been suited for supporting the workloads deployed over it as the workloads increase. Security: One of the primary disadvantages to move to external cloud has been the poor security. As the service provider of cloud does not possess the necessary and proper security measures, the security gets compromised (Wei et al., 2014). Hence, the cloud providers should be searched for who acquires multi-factor authentication created in their service along with full encryption at-rest and in-transit for content. Here, the policies of centralized security to control the local or remote servers have also been important. As the software interfaces are considered, the reason of the linking between the system and the Google Big Table has been to put away and fetch information. The reason behind the connection between the mobile devices and systems has been to deliver the mobile access to that system. Apart from this, the system has been integrated to social media networks like Twitter and Facebook. The interfacing of the system with the users has been of two kinds. Firstly, in the system administrator interface the administrator has been privileged with permissions for accessing the overall system (Tebaa Hajji, 2014). In the organization administrator interface, the administrators get permission for modifying and accessing the overall data belonging to My Health Record they administrate. As per as the member interface is concerned, the members are able to observe and update their personal data and the profiles and the public pages of the company they were not belonging to. As the application of the project would be working over the Google App Engine there has been no existence of any particular hardware interface. Thus the non-functional requirements must consider in terms of those qualities the company want from the IT system along with the constraints they have been doing. The decision for moving into the cloud has been adding in many ways the constraints they have been doing (Chen et al., 2015). The company would not have the overall free reign to perform whatever they need if they go for off-premise cloud. This cloud has been operated by vendors but had to align the service levels provided by them. Review of cloud-based solution: The industry experts have believed that the trend of cloud computing would continue to grow and develop further. As this technology has been undoubtedly advantageous for companies of all sizes, it has not been without downsides. The various strengths and weaknesses regarding the implementation of cloud-computing have been described below (Gai et al., 2016). Strengths: Cost efficiency: Cloud computing has been likely the most cost effective strategy to utilize, keep up and update. Conventional desktop software has been costing organizations a lot in terms of economy. Including the licensing charges for various clients can turn out to be extremely costly for the establishment. The cloud, then again, is accessible at considerably less expensive rates and thus, can altogether bring down the organization's IT costs (Rittinghouse Ransome, 2016). Also, there are numerous one-time-installments, pay-as-you-go and other adaptable choices accessible, which make it exceptionally sensible for the organization being referred to. Practically Unlimited Storage: Putting away data in the cloud provides practically boundless capacity limit. Thus, My Health Record requires more need to stress over coming up short on storage room or expanding the present storage room accessibility. Reinforcement and Recovery: Since all the information is put away in the cloud, backing it up and reestablishing the same is significantly less demanding than putting away the same over physical devices. Moreover, most cloud specialist organizations are typically sufficiently equipped to deal with recuperation of data (Hwang, Dongarra Fox, 2013). Thus, this makes the whole procedure of reinforcement and recuperation substantially more straightforward than other conventional strategies for information storage. Programmed Software Integration: In cloud, the software reconciliation is normally something that happens naturally. This implies that the company does not have to take extra endeavors to tweak and incorporate the applications according to the inclinations (Leymann et al., 2014). Simple Access to Information: When the individuals enroll themselves in the cloud, they can get to the data from anyplace, where there is an Internet. This advantageous element gives the chance to move past time zone and geographic area issues. Quick Deployment: In conclusion and above all, cloud computing gives the upside of quick deploying. When anyone decides on this strategy for working, y the whole framework can be completely functional in a matter of a couple of minutes. Obviously, the measure of time taken here will rely on upon the exact type of technology needed for the business (Jula, Sundararajan Othman, 2014). Weaknesses: Technical Issues: Despite the fact the data and information on cloud can be gotten to at whatever time and from anyplace, there have been times when this framework can have some genuine brokenness. The company ought to know about the way that this innovation is constantly inclined to blackouts and other technological issues. Security in Cloud: The other significant issue while in the cloud is that of the security issues. Before receiving this innovation, the company ought to realize that they have to surrender all the sensitive data to an outsider service provider of cloud (Leymann et al., 2014). This could possibly put the organization to incredible hazard. Henceforth, they have to ensure that they pick the most dependable specialist organization, who would keep their data absolutely secure. Inclined to Attack: Putting away data in the cloud could make the organization powerless against outside hacking attacks and dangers. The SDLC approach: The Systems Development Life Cycle or the Software Development Life Cycle or SDLC has been the framework defining tasks to be done at every step in the cloud computing process. Two types of SDLC are to be discussed here. The predictive SDLC: The most prominent and surely understood predictive approach is the waterfall method. The term waterfall has turned into the token predictive strategy about debating the benefits of predictive versus adaptive (Zhang et al., 2014). The quality of a predictive approach is its emphasis on structure and keeping up a comprehensive vision of the resolution space. Its shortcoming is the unyielding thoroughness. However there is no reason not to reap what is required from these systems with an eye for general efficiencies. The adaptive SDLC: By and by, there are more than adequate in genuine cases to demonstrate that the adaptive procedures do work in the "huge." Adaptive SDLC run from the Rapid Application Development or RAD, that essentially prototypes items into reality, to Scrum, with its overwhelming dependence on group collaboration (Kalloniatis et al., 2014). This continues up to XP, which takes adaptive to the outrageous with its adaptation of combined programming and consistent surveys. These lighter and more agile system make cloud computing rapidly. Yet they do have a tendency to be somewhat strategic, frequently missing key strategic scopes. Recommendation to the SDLC for the current project: For the given project the Adaptive methodology is suggested. The adaptive methodology is also known as the agile methodology. This is because they follow Agile Manifesto which is a collection of central principles supporting iterative development. The cloud SDLC is flexible in utilizing the Agile SDLC using IBM Rational Unified Process or the SCRUM. These have been designed as an iterative approach for developing and quick deployment life-cycles. For bringing the operations on the similar table, the DevOps could be used that has to be particularized in the framework of cloud SDLC. Conclusion: Like everything the cloud computing also contains certain pros and cons. While this innovation could prove a great asset for My Health Record, it could also harm as it is misused or not understood properly. In short, the data as stored in big data center all over the globe, it could turn as the target of hackers or not used properly by the employees of providers of cloud. The professionals of My Health Record need to assure that the cloud computing never become any service used by few users. Like other innovations in this capitalized world, the cloud computing has been the first to be commercialized. Then its pros and cons are taken into the consideration. References: Botta, A., De Donato, W., Persico, V., Pescap, A. (2016). Integration of cloud computing and internet of things: a survey.Future Generation Computer Systems,56, 684-700. Buyya, R., Vecchiola, C., Selvi, S. T. (2013).Mastering cloud computing: foundations and applications programming. Newnes. Chen, M., Zhang, Y., Hu, L., Taleb, T., Sheng, Z. (2015). Cloud-based wireless network: Virtualized, reconfigurable, smart wireless network to enable 5G technologies.Mobile Networks and Applications,20(6), 704-712. Choi, C., Choi, J., Kim, P. (2014). Ontology-based access control model for security policy reasoning in cloud computing.The Journal of Supercomputing,67(3), 711-722. Gai, K., Qiu, M., Zhao, H., Tao, L., Zong, Z. (2016). Dynamic energy-aware cloudlet-based mobile cloud computing model for green computing.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,59, 46-54. Grewal, R. K., Pateriya, P. K. (2013). A rule-based approach for effective resource provisioning in hybrid cloud environment. InNew Paradigms in Internet Computing(pp. 41-57). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Hu, F., Hao, Q., Bao, K. (2014). A survey on software-defined network and openflow: From concept to implementation.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,16(4), 2181-2206. Hwang, K., Dongarra, J., Fox, G. C. (2013).Distributed and cloud computing: from parallel processing to the internet of things. Morgan Kaufmann. Jula, A., Sundararajan, E., Othman, Z. (2014). Cloud computing service composition: A systematic literature review.Expert Systems with Applications,41(8), 3809-3824. Kalloniatis, C., Mouratidis, H., Vassilis, M., Islam, S., Gritzalis, S., Kavakli, E. (2014). Towards the design of secure and privacy-oriented information systems in the cloud: Identifying the major concepts.Computer Standards Interfaces,36(4), 759-775. Leymann, C. F. F., Retter, R., Schupeck, W., Arbitter, P. (2014). Cloud computing patterns.Springer, Wien. doi,10, 978-3. Li, J., Li, Y. K., Chen, X., Lee, P. P., Lou, W. (2015). A hybrid cloud approach for secure authorized deduplication.IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems,26(5), 1206-1216. Li, Q., Wang, Z. Y., Li, W. H., Li, J., Wang, C., Du, R. Y. (2013). Applications integration in a hybrid cloud computing environment: Modelling and platform.Enterprise Information Systems,7(3), 237-271. Lu, P., Sun, Q., Wu, K., Zhu, Z. (2015). Distributed online hybrid cloud management for profit-driven multimedia cloud computing.IEEE Transactions on Multimedia,17(8), 1297-1308. Wei, L., Zhu, H., Cao, Z., Dong, X., Jia, W., Chen, Y., Vasilakos, A. V. (2014). Security and privacy for storage and computation in cloud computing.Information Sciences,258, 371-386. Zhang, H., Jiang, G., Yoshihira, K., Chen, H. (2014). Proactive workload management in hybrid cloud computing.IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management,11(1), 90-100.

Criminal Procedure free essay sample

After reading the situation and being asked five questions, I have come up with answers for each one of them. In this paper I will let you know what the answers to each one of the questions are. I will also provide you with the reasoning on why I chose the answers that I did. First, I believe that Officer Smith did have reasonable suspicion to make the stop of the vehicle. In all actuality, any reason is good enough for an officer on patrol to pull you over. It does vary as far as the type of tape you have over the taillight goes.If you were to use transparent tape than it would make the light more visible. Therefore, you would have less of a chance of being pulled over. Section 4(2) provides exceptions stipulated in s. 23, 24, 25, 27 and 28 of the penal code committed by a Ugandan outside Uganda. Such as Treason, acts intended to annoy the person of the President, concealment of treason, terrorism, promoting of war on chiefs and many others. It should be noted however that under international law, there is no restriction on the competence of the court to prosecute its own nationals for crimes committed outside its territorial jurisdiction if this right to national jurisdiction is conferred by statute. In Uganda vs Mustapha Atama 1975 HCB 254, where the accused a Kampala business man was charged in the chief magistrate’s court with obtaining money by false pretence contrary to section 9 of the PCA cap 106 now cap 120. The prosecution alleged that the accused while in the republic of Zaire obtained shs. 3360/- from the charge-d’ affaires of the Ugandan embassy by falsely pretending that he required the money for the maintenance of eight Ugandan soldiers who were stranded in Zaire while on an official mission. On the issue on whether Ugandan courts had jurisdiction over the matter as the offence had been committed in the Republic of Zaire, though in Uganda’s embassy. It was held that s. 6 of the PCA cap 106 now cap 120, confers jurisdiction to courts in Uganda to try offences committed partly within and partly without Uganda. While s. 2(b) merely presupposes the existence of a law conferring extra territorial jurisdiction to the courts in Uganda, in the absence of a Law enabling Uganda Courts to try nationals for acts committed whole outside Uganda, the Chief magistrate would have no jurisdiction to try such cases. Secondly, Local jurisdiction’s Magistrates are usually appointed to specific magisterial areas with reference to s. 5 of the MCA. The general rule is that every offence must be tried by a court within the local limits of the jurisdiction where it was committed under s.  31 of the MCA cap 16. Should the accused be found outside the area in which the offence was committed, the court in whose local limits of jurisdiction he is found will have him brought before it and cause him to be removed, in custody, to the court having jurisdiction to hear the case under s. 32 of the MCA. i. e the offence is committed in mbale and the fugitive is in Masaka, the court in Masaka will hand him over to t he Mbale court which has Local jurisdiction over the offence that was committed by the accused. However where the offence is committed partly within and partly without the Local limits of jurisdiction, any court having jurisdiction in either the two places may hear the case with reference to s. 37 of MCA. Thirdly on jurisdiction, the power to try cases, where an offence is committed in Uganda within the territorial boundaries and is committed within the local limits of jurisdiction of a particular magisterial area, the judicial officer handling the case will still have to ask himself whether he has the power to try the case, or whether the court he presides over , has jurisdiction to hear the case. For instance the Anti Terrorism Act No 14 of 2002 section 6, provides thus; The offence of terrorism and any other offence punishable by more than ten years imprisonment under this act are triable only by the high court and bail in respect of those offences may be granted only by the High court. Only the High court has powers to try the offence of terrorism under the Anti terrorism Act. The original jurisdiction of a chief magistrate’s court is governed by section 161 (1) (a) MCA. A chief magistrate may try any offence other than an offence in respect of which the maximum penalty is death. Example of these are murders, treason, rape, aggravated robbery, etc. However, a chief magistrate may pass any sentence authorized by law under section 162(1) (a) MCA. This means that he can pass a maximum sentence of imprisonment for life and can impose a fine of any amount. A magistrate grade 1 may try any offence other than an offence in respect of which the maximum penalty is death or imprisonment for life. Under 162 (1) (b) MCA, as amended provides that a magistrate grade 1  may pass a sentence of imprisonment for a period not exceeding ten years or a fine not exceeding four million, eight hundred thousand shillings or both. In Uganda vs Nicholas Okello (1984) HCB 22, The charge in this case was for attempted defilement contrary to section 123(3) PCA cap 106 of which the maximum sentence was 18 years imprisonment. The magistrate 1 tried this offence and sentenced the accused to 18 years imprisonment. He appealed against sentence and conviction. It was held that the magistrate had no powers to try such offence and therefore the trial was a nullity. A magistrate grade 2 may try any offence under any written law other than the offences and punishments specified in the first schedule of the MCA. Section 161(1) c) MCA. The sentencing powers of a magistrate grade 2 are limited to imprisonment for a period not exceeding three years or a fine not exceeding half a million shillings S. 162(1) c) MCA. In the Uganda vs c. Kiwanuka [1979] HCB 210, In this case the magistrate grade 2 tried the accused of the offence brought under the fire arms Act, which was an offence stipulated under the first schedule to the MCA to which a magistrate grade 2 had no powers to try. It was held that the conviction of the accused and sentence imposed on him by the magistrate grade 2 in disregard of the provisions of the first schedule was illegal. Article 129 of the constitution gives a list of the courts of judicature in Uganda such as, the Supreme court which is a superior court of record and a final court but does not have original jurisdiction like high court but has appellate jurisdiction. With reference to article 132(2) of the 1995 constitution of Uganda provides that it hears appeals from the Court of appeal. The court of appeal has appellate jurisdiction and hears decisions of the high court with reference to article 134(2) of the 1995 constitution, also has powers to hear cases or petitions regarding any questions as to the interpretation of the constitution according to article 137, Constitutional court. According to article 139(1) of the constitution, confers High court unlimited original jurisdiction in all matters with such appellate and other jurisdiction as may be conferred on it by the court or any other law. Section 1 of the T. I. A cap 23 provides that the high court has unlimited jurisdiction to try any offence under any written law and may pass any sentence authorized by law. Except that no criminal case can be brought under the cognizance of the high court for trial unless the accused person has been committed for trial to the high court in accordance with the M. C. A. Section 2 of the T. I. A provides the sentencing powers of the high court whereby it may pass any lawful sentence combining any of the sentences which it is authorized by law to pass. High court hears decisions of the Chief magistrate and magistrate grade 1 as provided in section 204(1) a) of M. C. A. with reference to section 168 of the M. C. A.  provides for committal proceedings where, When a person charged with an offence to be tried by the High Court appears before a magistrate and the Director of Public Prosecutions has complied with subsection (1), the magistrate shall give the accused person a copy of the indictment together with the summary of the case, read out the indictment and the summary of the case and explain to the accused person the nature of the accusation against him or her in a language he or she understands and inform him or her that he or she is not required to plead to the indictment, commit the accused person for trial by the High Court and transmit to the registrar of the High Court copies of the indictment and of the summary of the case. According to the law in Uganda, judicial officers are not entitled or empowered to make any phone calls to the accused to appear before court. There is a clear procedure on the issuing of summons. With reference to the Blacks law dictionary summon refers to a writ or process commencing the plaintiffs action and requiring the plaintiffs to appear and answer. A criminal summon is a simple court document that contains a number of facts justifying an inquiry into a complaint against an accused person and requiring him to attend the inquiry. It is a document issued by court to be served on the person addressed in it requiring that person to appear before court on the date specified in the document to answer charges brought against him or her. Most importantly every summon must be in writing, prepared in duplicate, signed and sealed by the magistrate or such other officer as the chief justice may from time to time direct with reference to section 44(2) of the M. C. A. Every summon must be directed to the person summoned and shall require him or her to appear at a place, date, time indicated therein before the court having jurisdiction to inquire into and deal with the complaint or charge as provided in section 44(2). In section 44(3), a summon must also state shortly the offence with which the person against whom it is issued is charged. This is basically for purposes of letting the accused know and prepare for the charge he is being compelled to answer. Service of summons to accused is supposed to be in person. According to section 45(1) of MCA every summon must be served by a police officer or an officer of the court issuing it or any public servant but in practice, a summons is served by a police officer or an officer of the court called a process server. A summons must be served on to the persons to whom it is addressed personally but the section states, if practicable. The summons is served on the accused by giving him a duplicate of the summons and in practice he must sign the original copy of the summons. Section 45(2) of the MCA provides that every person on whom a summons is so served, shall if so required by the serving officer, sign a receipt of it on the back of the original summons. In a situation where service of summons to an accused who cannot be found, service of summons maybe effected by leaving the duplicate of the summons for the accused with an adult member of the family or the accused’s servant who normally resides with him or by leaving it with his employer as provided in section 46 of the MCA. The person with whom the summons is left, if so required by the process server, must sign receipt of it on the back of the original summons. The procedure when service cannot be effected is provided in section 47 of the MCA, the process serving officer shall affix the duplicate of the summons to some conspicuous part of the house or homestead in which the person summoned ordinarily resides and thereupon the summons shall be deemed to have been duly served. Where the person summoned is in the active service of the Government or of the East African Community, the court issuing the summons shall ordinarily send it in duplicate to the head of the office in which that person is employed, and the head shall thereupon cause the summons to be served in the manner provided by section 45, and shall return it to the court under his or her signature with the endorsement required by that section. That signature shall be evidence of the service as provided by section 48 of the MCA. A summon can too be issued to a company with reference to section 49 of the MCA, that provides that service of summons on an incorporated company or other body corporate may be effected by serving it on the secretary, local manager or other principal officer of the corporation or by registered letter addressed to the chief officer of corporation or by a registered letter addressed to the chief officer of the corporation at the registered office of the company or body corporate in Uganda. Service of criminal summons on a body corporate can be done by sending the summons by registered mail addressed to the chief officer of the company, secretary, local manager or other principal officer of the company. These officers of a company are deemed competent to plead on behalf of the company. In showing proof that service was effected, section 50 provides where a summon can be served, that is at any place in Uganda. Where the summons was served outside the local limits of jurisdiction of the presiding court or if the accused for whom the summons was intended doesn’t appear at the place, date and time indicated, the court might either on its own or upon application by the prosecution decide to issue a warrant for his apprehension. But before the court does so, it will be necessary to show by evidence that the accused was served and had deliberately refused to obey the summons. According to section 51 of the MCA, ordinarily proof of service of summons shall be given by calling the process server to give evidence on oath that service was effected. But where the officer is not present or the summons was served outside the local limits of the jurisdiction of the issuing magistrate, proof maybe effected by the person with whom the summons was left, swearing an affidavit before a magistrate and presenting the original summons duly endorsed in the manner described above. Even if the original summons is not endorsed, the affidavit shall be admissible in evidence if the court is satisfied from the statements made in it that service of the summons has been effected properly with reference to section 51(2) of MCA.

Itc problems free essay sample

What problems do you think ITC is going to face in the future due to ban in cigarette advertising? Answer ITCs cigarettes are manufactured in state-of-the-art factories at Bengaluru, Munger, Saharanpur, Kolkata and Pune, with cutting-edge technology ; excellent work practices benchmarked to the best globally. An efficient supply-chain ; distribution network reaches Indias popular brands across the length breadth of the country. ecause the government want to reduce the number of people that smoke in the interest of public safety. there is a cost involved to the comunity as a result of illness caused by smoking and by reducing advertisement the uptake of smoking is reduced and the giving up of smoking becomes easier for those that wish to do so. Because Government thinks it knows what is best for you, like it or not. – 2. How uncontrollable is the legal environment in the case of ITC cigarette operations in India?Should they lobby to lift the ban on cigarette advertising? If no, how should they promote their brand? Answer: The phenomenon of Climate change, a result of global warming, is caused principally by large-scale emissions of gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). We will write a custom essay sample on Itc problems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Global warming exacerbates the challenges of poverty and environmental degradation and poses a threat of far reaching consequences. ITC has been at the forefront of corporate Indias initiatives to progressively reduce Green House Gas emissions.Its businesses continue to enlarge the Companys positive carbon footprint through energy conservation, use of renewable sources of energy and identifying ways of mitigating the adverse effects of climate change caused by global warming. ITC has implemented several CDM projects under the Kyoto Protocol and ensured carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration through large-scale social and farm forestry initiatives. ITC has proactively aligned its strategies and joined international efforts in mitigating/delaying the adverse impacts of climate change.All ITC businesses strive to minimize energy consumption and wherever possible use environment friendly sources of energy. Sequestration is a scientifically well-established technique to reduce the total carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. ITCs social and farm forestry initiatives have created a green cover of over 125,000 hectares, consolidating its position as a Carbon Positive corporation for six years in a row. ITC invests significantly in research and development to create clonal saplings that are disease resistant, grow faster, and have higher survival rates.These are provided to farmers to enable them to convert their private degraded wastelands into viable pulpwood plantations. In addition, it provides sustainable raw material sources for the Companys Paperboards business, and also creates livelihood opportunities for disadvantaged tribals and farmers in rural areas. This initiative has already created 56 million person days of employment. Energy efficiency practices of ITC have helped in achieving world-class standards of energy utilisation in several units. Through a rigorous process of audits supported by benchmarking, specific energy consumption has been reduced year on year. 30. 9 % of ITC’s energy consumption is from renewable sources. Flowing from its commitment to the triple bottom line philosophy, ITC has chosen Wind Energy as a focus area for enhancing its positive environmental footprint. The Company has already invested in wind energy generation in Tamil Nadu to meet the requirements of its Packaging business in Chennai. This 14 megawatt Clean Energy Initiative has delivered performance parameters which exceed original projections.Rainwater Harvesting both at the Company premises and through external watershed development projects in socially relevant areas have consolidated ITCs water positive status for 9 consecutive years. Total rainwater harvesting potential so far developed by the Company is more than 2 times the total water consumed by its operations. Solid Waste Recycling Positive Solid Waste Recycling Positive Waste management, in India, is an area of serious concern, with significant proportions of waste being disposed through land filling and dumping.Most landfills and dumping sites are serious health hazards to people living in the neighbourhood and can also cause soil and water contamination. Cigarette factories at Bengaluru, Saharanpur, Munger and Kolkata, Leaf Threshing Units at Chirala ; Anaparti, Paperboards ; Specialty Paper Units at Tribeni, the ITC Green Centre at Gurgaon, Surya Nepals Cigarette factory at Simra, and ITC Hotels Maurya, Maratha, Grand Central, Sonar, Windsor, Mughal, Kakatiya Sheraton Hotels New Delhi Rajputana reused/ recycled almost the entire waste generated (more than 99%) out of their operations.

Review key Essay Example

Review key Essay Example Review key Paper Review key Paper The culture of past Chinese dynasties 5. What reflected the fragmented and competitive political environment in Europe in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries? The Hundred Years War between England and France 6. In which empire was a Shih version of Islam made the official religion in the sixteenth century? Safaris 7. Which empire established unified control over most Of the Indian peninsula? McHugh Empire 8. What feature did the McHugh Empire and Shanghai Empire share? The rulers were Muslim, but the majority of the population was not 9. The wars carried out by the Aztec Empire were linked to what acts? The practice of human sacrifice 10. What did the Inca Empire do that the Aztec Empire did not do? Build an elaborate bureaucracy to integrate and control its subjects 1 1 . What could women do in both the Aztec and Inca empires? Exercise political authority 12. Which two societies shared a common religion? The Shanghai and Ottoman Empires 13. The Inca and Aztec empires practiced similar gender-based systems in which women and men operated in two separate but equivalent spheres, a system that scholars call gender parallelism 4. In the fifteenth century, the gathering and hunting way of life associated with the Paleolithic era persisted in Australia 15. What was a principle underlying the Great Law of Peace of the Iroquois ague? Limited Government 16. After the fifteenth century, how did the Chinese state resolve the problem created by a growing population and land scarcity? More intensive use of available land 17. Which empire ended the Byzantine Empire and came the closest to conquering Europe? Ottoman 18. The ruler of the Shanghai Empire made the pilgrimage to Mecca and asked o be given which title? Caliph Of the Land of the Blacks 19. How was Islam introduced into Southeast Asia and West Africa? By traveling merchants 20. In what way were the Aztec and Inca empires similar? Both started out as marginalia peoples who conquered and absorbed older cultures 21 . What did the Aztec Empire require conquered people to do? Pay tribute 22. In the fifteenth century, long-distance trade shifted to East Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean 23. What factor was a web of connection that linked many Of the peoples in the world of the fifteenth century? Empires 24. In which century did European peoples begin to take on a more prominent role on the global stage? Fifteenth Visual and Document Source Questions 25. Which of the following was a way that the laws attributed to Mastectomy I maintained and enforced social distinctions in Aztec society? Regulations on clothing and accessories for each class 26. According to the excerpts from Diego Duran, what is a way that a person could fall into slavery in Aztec society? Failing to pay debts 27. What was one purpose of the storehouses in the provinces of the Inca Empire? Provide relief for poor 28. What does the painting of Aristotle and Oversee suggest about Renaissance views on Greek learning and Islam? Aristotle writings had been faithfully preserved by Muslim scholars 29. Which of the views of Muhammad mostly likely influenced the fifteenth- century Italian artist Giovanni dad Modern? Muhammad as a religious heretic 30. What distinguished the empires of Western Europe from other empires? They were initiated by maritime expansion 31 . Why did some Native Americans aid the Spanish in their initial invasion of he New World? To gain an advantage against their own enemies 32. The colonial economy of the Spanish Empire in former Aztec and Inca lands Was based On commercial agriculture and mining 33. Large-scale importation of new slaves continued into the nineteenth century. This describes slavery in Latin America 34. In contrast to the Portuguese and Spanish colonists in Latin America, British colonists in North America sought to escape rather that re-create European traditions in the Americas 35. Describe a main feature of King Chinas policy toward its possessions in entrap Asia?

University of Texas Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

University of Texas Discussion - Essay Example In fact, the health professionals bring their ideas and skills to a common pool thereby making multidisciplinary care the most outstanding approach in handling cancer ailments. The success of head and neck center can be attributed to the experienced team of professionals and adoption of the new technology in cancer treatment (Feig, 2006). The management team and the human resource department of the center have established candid mechanisms of acquiring super qualified medical professional. In addition, MD Anderson has laid modern infrastructure that enhance efficient service delivery to the patient. The center has embraced the new technology in assessing and analyzing the patient’s conditions (Bernier, 2011). The equipments found at the center are not common in other institution providing the same services. In essence, almost all the equipments required for head and neck cancer treatment are present at the center. The patient evaluation strategy adopted at the center is unique in that, it comprehensively covers the patient’s

The American Nation - Christianized or Enlightened Term Paper

The American Nation - Christianized or Enlightened - Term Paper Example In 1776 the colonies that became the United States of America were peopled by groups of individuals possessed with religious fervour who traversed the Atlantic to search for a place where they can practice their faith unadulterated. The migration would be assumed to lessen the religious zeal of the original inhabitants of the colonies and yet the reverse occurred. The religious conviction in America intensified because of the religious resurgence stimulated by the people from across the Atlantic in the midway of the eighteenth century. These religious people were the courageous individuals who will stand against Great Britain in 1776 and oppose the colonial rule. The constituents of the revolutionary generation made significant individual decisions about their deep-seated religious beliefs and fidelity and this pressure mounted within them the ability to make political choices. Even the Founding Fathers of the American Nation commenced on building strong governments carrying the cred ence that religion is a requisite component of a republican institution for its preservation. John W. Thornton summarized that the relationship of politics and religion in America lies on the sermons of the founding fathers. They summoned God in their civil congregations, appealed to the teachers of religion for counsel from the Bible, and identified its principles as the decree of their civic demeanour. The Fathers abhorred the separation of politics and religion. In combats and warfare, they did not push on luck but instead relied on the Word of God etched in their hearts and mind. This moral articulation of the Fathers was the clandestine element that upheld the Republic against its material backdrop, against the enemies’ impenetrable numbers, and against the dominance of England. Nevertheless, despite the religious background of the American nation, developments in England such as the new scientific methods and the initiation of the Parliamentary government were likewise absorbed into the nation’s milieu.  Ã‚  

ANALYSIS A&P supermarkets VS Shoprite Research Paper

ANALYSIS A&P supermarkets VS Shoprite - Research Paper Example The company operates around 435 supermarkets all over the United States. It is being operating as a subsidiary of Tengelmann Group, which is a based in Germany. A&P is only operating in the market of USA and has around 45000 employees. Once known to be the biggest supermarket retail chain in the country, A&P is now facing several financial issues and challenges. In the year 2010, the company reported a decline of around 7.4 percent in the overall revenues. The operating loss was reported to be around $600.6 million in the same year and the net loss in the year 2010 was around $875.6 million. Shoprite Holdings Limited is serving in the retail industry through different subsidiaries and provides the customers with fast moving consumer goods retail services. The company has being operating a vast network of hyper markets, outlets, and stores. Apart from this the operations of the company are expanded into 17 different countries and have well constructed supply chain network. Shoprite ha s been reporting considerable financial results and performance from several years and has been able to survive in the time of economic recession. It is offering significant dividend to its shareholders. The strategic and financial analysis carried out in this report, suggest that Shoprite is a better option for investing the money as the company is reporting increasing profits and revenues. INTRODUCTION: Retail industry is a recession proof industry and the industry has been growing even during the time of recession. The main reason for this is because of the fact that people have to eat, drink and wear clothes despite of what the situation of economy is. Because of this reason, a lot of investors choose to invest in companies within the retail industry particularly grocery stores. OVERVIEW OF A&P: The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, Inc. (A&P) is a US supermarket chain; the company was once one of the biggest companies in the US but it has been reduced in size. A&P runs 435 supermarkets in eight eastern states and the District of Columbia (AP Freshonline). In late 2007, A&P acquired its longtime rival, Pathmark Stores, for about $1.4 billion, reversing years of decline at the grocery company. A&P is a subsidiary of Tengelmann Group, a German Retailing Group which owns about 40% of A&P. A&P operates only in the US and is headquartered in Montvale, New Jersey. It employs approximately 45,000 people (Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, 5). OVERVIEW OF SHOPRITE: Shoprite Holdings Limited (Shoprite) is an investment holding company that operates through its subsidiaries and offers fast moving consumer goods retail services by operating a range of hyper markets, stores and outlets. It operates through 1,394 stores, including 265 franchised outlets and 1084 corporate outlets in 17 countries. Shoprite is headquartered in Western Cape, South Africa, and primarily operates in South Africa, the Indian Ocean Islands and various other African Countries. It employ s about 88,000 people. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: Both companies offer a range of products and services which mainly include

Concept of Hope in Nursing Practice

Concept of Hope in Nursing Practice INTRODUCTION The aim of this assignment is to explore the definition and concept of hope in relation with nursing practice. It will also focus on the significance of hope in individuals who are suffering from chronic diseases such as cancer and AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). In addition, the obstacles which can arise while inspiring hope in clients and the problem solving methods which can help to manage the barriers will also be identified. Nurses have an important role to instill hope in the patient which can help the patient to create a positive feeling. Therefore, the significance of the concept of hope is considered as an important aspect of discussion in this assignment. DEFINIING THE CONCEPT Hope is a concept which helps the people to fulfill their life with expectation of good things. According to Holt (2000) hope is an essential but dynamic life force that grows out of faith in God, is supported by relationship, resources and work, and result in the energy necessary to work for a desired future. Hope gives meaning and happiness. The life is more worth when filled with hope. It has great influence in the sick people who are living in the darkness of hopelessness as it gives an optimistic point of view to their disease condition especially, in the patients who are suffering from malignant disease such as cancer and AIDS. Moreover, it has universal phenomenon as it can be seen each and every countries and cultures. Hopelessness can be distinguished from depression and particularly in relation to health. Nurses should focus on hope than on the lack or loss of hope. According to peoples belief that hope is vital to life and that everyone has hope. According to Farran (1995) hope has a power to deliver positive feeling related to good health such as subjective well being, good social and physical status, somatic health and healthy lifestyles. Hope is characterized in many ways as it involves feeling, thoughts, actions and relationship. According to Rustoen (1995) hope is not an enduring state, it is a varying phenomenon. Hope has no age limit, it can be offered to any age group even in child or in aged people. Individuals are able to make a distinction between hope and expectancy as relating to both positive and negative situations. Hope is considered as an emotion or feeling (Rustoen, 1995) which helps to cope with any difficult situation in their life. So, hope can be considered as an acceptable emotion as it provides beneficial effect on patients. Hope is very useful when it is goal oriented, especially in the areas of rehabilitation, recovery, or health promotion. Stephenson (1991) stated that hope is vital in every persons life, as it helps them t o work constantly to achieve their goal or manage their present situation. For example, the patient who is suffering from an incurable disease has a strong feeling of loss and emotional stress. In such situations, hope has an important role in begining positive thoughts and prepare them to co-operate with the treatment regimens (Hinds and Martin, 1988).Thus, hope assists in improving the quality of care. Stephenson (1991) further suggested that, to impart hope in someone there are three appraisals needed such as; firstly, it is important the situation of the individual, secondly, the situation should have a potential to be incongruent with an individuals goals and finally, the situation involves uncertainty (unexpected future). In addition, hope is related to ones emotional status. Davison and Simpson (2006) claimed that it is essential that over all emotion of a person is associated with the hope, because, an optimistic point of view is needed for the positive outcome. There are so me other factors which help to perceive hope. The studies supported that the support of the society, self respect and self esteem and spirituality and religious support which are required for maintaining hope during illness (Stephenson, 1991). Moreover, hope is important as it is focused on how people can endure and look forward to life for the best despite of the difficulties in their life. In nursing care, hope has specific importance because the injured/ill persons need special attention for the rapid recovery. RELEVANCE OF HOPE IN NURSING PRACTICE Hope has a great influence in patient care as it is closely connected with nurses and nursing care. To provide a good nursing care to the patient, nurses should have the qualities like patience, expectation, suffering and ability to adjust with the situation. Hinds and Martin (1999) stated hope as a cornerstone of the role of the nurse. Further, Travelbee (1971) identified the nurses role to sharing the experience of hope with the patients and avoid the feeling of hopelessness. Nurses cannot transform the hope into the patient unless they have it. In the literature by Moores (2005) it is illustrated that the nurses should have a high level of self awareness and have hope in themselves in order to inspire hope in the patients. Moreover, nurses should create an interpersonal relationship with the patient by good communication. This will help the patient to establish a feeling of comfort, care, trust and confidence. Turner (1981) stated that hope is closely interconnected with nurses ev eryday life as well as work environment. However, the term hope used was not clear and ambiguous and this concept was not acceptable in the patient with chronic illness or incurable condition. Therefore, it is essential to create positive attitude in patient for their better future. Nurses have a vital role to generate positive expectation in patients. According to Moore (2005) hope is considered to be a positive concept that can make a difference to peoples lives. In addition, it also presented as a center concept of nursing practice because, it is closely linked with patients experience and improvement. In nursing, hope is considered as an essential perception which helps the nurses to facilitate or continue in others. Moreover, by encouraging patients with hope, nurses can create a positive energy among patient who is suffering with chronic diseases such as cancer and AIDS. Cutcliffe and Grant (2000) stated that relationship between the function of caring activity of helping , an d practice instilling hope in continuing care of cognitively impaired old adults within a continuing care , as basis for suggesting that inspiring hope to clients is one of the primary acts of psychiatric or mental health nursing. Thus, hope helps the cognitively impaired patient to display the qualities of faith and hope as well as will to live and love. Mostly, patient with chronic disease like cancer may have no hope in their life and they leave everything for their destiny. Brumbach (1994) points out that hope is the key encouraging factor which helps patient to go further with expectations. It is difficult to sustain hopefulness in patient without emphasize the importance of hope repeatedly because hope is an active process not passive. So, it is important to make sure that the active participation of patient and the nurse. Furthermore, the main barriers which resist inspiring hope in nursing practice, such as lack of knowledge and communication skill, fear about the disease co ndition, lack of emotional stability and expectation and lack of awareness regarding the treatment regimens (Scanlon, 1989). All these reasons will affect emotional outlook of the nurse. Moreover, recognizing these obstacles will help to understand more about hope and facilitate to provide good care to the patient. Nurses need to give more effort and concern to the patients who are seriously ill. The total health care team is needed for the care of patients. In another word a total team spirit is needed to achieve a goal which is planned for the patient care. However, to achieve a central goal in nursing practice or care, some certain hindrance will occur and it can be overcome through good communication with patients and family members, listing to patients problems, trust full relationship between patients and provide appropriate knowledge regarding diagnosis and prognosis of the disease condition. CONCLUSION To sum up, the concept of hope is applicable in all spheres of life and helps in dealing with the problems and difficulties which make the life stressful. Hope is a light in the life of patient. It helps the individual to maintain the strength of the person. Also for the family who knows about the prognosis of the patient, they prepare their self emotionally and practically. Hope is a belief of them. Always hope for the best. This is a essential part of life and for the human being. In this concept, different authors have different views about the concept. Word Count: 1434

Essay examples --

â€Å"Beauty is only skin deep.† Everyone knows the quote, yet why is it that we still struggle to look our best? Why is it that some women bother to wake up an hour early to do their hair and makeup? Its simple etiquette, some might argue. However, etiquette aside, why is it that twenty ­million people in America alone suffer from eating ­related disorders? Why is it that a 38 inch plastic doll is a little girl’s role model? This is why (visual aid). Magazines, movies, newspaper advertisements, the internet. All of these tend to showcase seemingly thin, beautiful, toned models and celebrities, causing many women in the world to be pressured to have the ‘perfect’ body image, never satisfied with their own bodies and looks and willing to do anything to achieve the ideal image, even if it means having to subject themselves to dieting, hunger and eating disorders. Now, what should blame for this unhealthy obsession that has bloomed among today’s wom en? Of course it would have to be the media. Don’t get me wrong, there are definitely other causes of eating disorders, but with constant advertising and material showcasing visuals that feature seemingly flawless and thin women, who would not feel insecure? Who would not feel influenced to want to have a similar body image? The very image of the ‘ideal’ woman has caused many women around the world to place outer appearance on a pedestal, to hate their own image, and ultimately fall victim to terrible eating disorders. My name is Valerie, and the purpose of my speech today will be to convince you that the portrayal of a woman’s body image by the media is the root cause of eating disorders and self ­esteem issues among women and girls today and thus implore your support in getting the media to stop... ...ing is very wrong. Today I have gone over three main points to aid me in persuading you of my cause against this unhealthy promotion of an unattainable body image by the media: The highly negative effects on body image caused by the media, the ways the media promotes an unhealthy, unattainable body image of a woman as the ‘perfect’ and ‘ideal’ image, and last but definitely not least, how the emulation of this sort of body image can be prevented. With that, I do hope I have managed to convince you that the portrayal of a woman’s body image by the media is the root cause of eating disorders and self ­esteem issues among women and girls today and thus implore your support in getting the media to stop airbrushing and promoting these unattainable images of perfection. Everyone deserves to feel beautiful. The eradication of the pressure to be perfect begins with the media.

Effects of Computer Gaming Essay

Technology nowadays has brought man to an era of digital and advanced world of computers. Not only are computers used in studies, research and work, it is now being used as part of leisure and entertainment. Most of the youth today know how computers work and even a 3 year old child who is still yet to learn how to read and write knows how to operate a simple computer. This is because the interactive element of a lot of software that computers use excites and attract children and this makes them learn to use and play with the computers. (Jones, 2002) Advancement in technology has drastically changed man’s way of living which has been made easier for most. It has come from diskette to very portable and stylish mini USB, from the ancient â€Å"three point eleven† personal computers with big and bulky monitors and CPUs to very user friendly touch screen-tablet PCs, and from limited Nintendo games like Mario brothers to a bunch of online and offline games like Dota, Counter Strike, Angry Birds, and Fruit Ninja etc. Such kind of improvements has led today’s generation to learning more of what life has to offer through the use of modern technologies like computers. Schools now facilitate teaching and learning through the use of computers. By the use of this kind of technology, learning is now more fun and a lot easier. Application of modern technology like computer-assisted teaching-learning on student’s aims to provide faster learning and ease of teaching and also provide the students of the advanced technology that they need to experience inside the classroom, and which they can apply when they are out of school. Since computer has a lot to offer to its users, it is also being used as entertainment and leisure and computer gaming being the most popular. There are lots of computer games that enhance the thinking abilities of students because of its gaming nature and environment like strategic gaming, word puzzles, etc. With this fact, learning through computer gaming helps students be more willing to study and learn more because, they are not just playing, they are also learning. The use of multimedia in education has significantly changed people’s learning processes. Results from a number of research studies indicate that appropriately designed multimedia instruction enhances students’ learning performance in science, mathematics, and literacy (Gee, 2003). Previous studies indicate that computer-assisted instruction programs have important factors that can motivate, challenge, increase curiosity and control, and promote fantasy in children (Tzeng, 1999). Despite the fact that computer and video games have the same multimedia capability as computer assisted instruction programs, their potential learning impact is often discounted by parents and educators. While computer gaming is regarded somewhat negative in educational settings, particularly for young students, re-scrutinizing of its influence in a teaching and learning context is vital since computer gaming can also be an education-assisted-program with proper implementation and application. While others confirm the negative effects of computer gaming to students’ performance in school and student’s health and mental ability, some authors argue that there are positive outcomes that a player can gain while playing computer video games. A research published in the Australasian Journal of Educational technology found that students who play computer and video games more frequently get lower grades than those who do not. However, it is also included in the research the positive effect of this activity to students as far as some specific video games are concerned which promote some elements that increases learning. On an online article entitled by Charles Pearson (2009) â€Å"Positive Effects of Computer Games on Student Achievement†, the author enumerated five positive significant effects of computer gaming to students. These include enhancing one’s problem solving capability, time and resource management, strategic life management skills, educational games promoting learning, and inherent instructional nature helps students to hone mastery skills. Playing video games needs a sharp mind and an alert reflexes because most of the games require thinking quickly to be able to achieve the games’ goal. According to a blog site on the web authored by Manali Oak (2009) which has an article entitled Positive Effects of Video Games states that since video gaming is interactive, it boosts the ability of one person to use his mind and hence, develops the thinking ability of the person playing. The author also said that video gaming is surely better than watching television as video games are interactive. In addition to what Manali Oak added that playing video games help benefit person with inferiority complex and lack of self confidence as they are experiencing sense of participation and a sense of achievement thus, building his self confidence. An excellent summary of the scant research that has been conducted is by Barlett, Anderson, and Swing (2009) on their research book Video game effects confirmed, suspected, and speculative: A review of the evidence. They reviewed the evidences for video game effects and grouped them into categories of confirmed, suspected, and speculative. By â€Å"confirmed,† the authors mean that the outcomes have received consistent empirical support for causal claims. They describe two such confirmed positive outcomes: (1) Playing video games can result in superior visual attention and (2) Video game play improves the ability to mentally rotate or arrange objects. They point out that the research shows that both violent and non-violent video games produce these positive effects. They also observed that educational video games and simulators can teach specific educational skills and knowledge such as algebra, biology, photography, computer programming, and flight training. The evidence for this connection is provided by Gee (2007) and Shaffer (2006). However, most of the games that they discuss are not commercially available. Perhaps such games will be developed and distributed more widely in the future. In the meantime, the evidence shows that video games can enhance learning if they are designed properly for that purpose. Another study tackled the good and bad effects of video games to children conducted by the Raise Smart Kids Organization. The study enumerated the positive effects of video games to children. Following instructions, problem solving and logic, hand-eye coordination, fine motor and spatial skills, resource management and logistics, multitasking, quick thinking and making fast analysis and decision, inductive reasoning and hypothesis testing are among those which enumerated by the author about the positive effects of video gaming. In addition, the article also included that video games can improve one’s decision making speed. People who played action-based video and computer games made decisions 25% faster than others without sacrificing accuracy, according to a study from the University of Rochester. Other studies suggests that most expert gamers can make choices and act on them up to six times a second—four times faster than most people, and can pay attention to more than six things at once without getting confused, compared to only four by the average person. Surprisingly, the violent action games that often worry parents most had the strongest beneficial effect on the brain, according to cognitive neuroscientist Daphne Bavelier, who studied the effect of action games at Switzerland’s University of Geneva and the University of Rochester in New York. Moving from the early years, the effects of socialization become more entrenched. In an article published in The Journal of Educational Computing, A. Colley (1994) reported that masculine gender role traits are associated with a more positive computer attitude and that there is a gender stereotype of science in general being masculine. According to Sax (2007) his book â€Å"Boys Adrift: The five factors driving the growing epidemic of unmotivated boys and underachieving young men† where he drew one fact well established by his conducted research revealed that violent video games cause aggressive behavior in the players. He argues that video games are so addictive that they satisfy the male need to power and control. It is evident in the country like the Philippines that the most popular computer games that the youth play in the computers are Dota, San Andreas, Counter Strike among others which are clearly promoting violence and aggression through its war and battle depiction. It can in effect, influence the youth as they play those kind of games which depict war, blood, killing, shooting etc. In a book by Barlett, Anderson, and Swing (2009) entitled Video Game Effects Confirmed, Suspected, and Speculative: A Review of the Evidence, it has stated that the â€Å"confirmed† negative effects of video games established by the research include aggressive thoughts and behavior, physiological arousal, and antisocial behavior. It was also explained that there are two variables that heighten the effects of computer games. One is depiction of blood, which results in higher levels of physiological arousal, aggressive feelings, and aggressive thoughts. Another is rewarding of violent acts, which also increases these effects. Since most of the computer games depicts violence, what they conceive in the monitors of their computers in the games that they are playing are somewhat becoming part of their reality. In an article on a eHow.com by Sarah Arnette (2011) entitled The Negative Effects of Computer Gaming on Students, the author enumerated four negative effects of computer gaming on students. She used the General Aggression Model (GAM) developed by Craig Anderson and Douglas Gentile in conducting the study that helped the author come up with the results. The results showed the negative effects include short term aggression, lack of problem solving thinking ability, weight gain, and anti social behaviors. It is regarded that the negative effects of playing video games does not only affect the player’s mental ability but as well as that concerning their health and socialization. Computer gaming also affects the behavior of the players and on how they relate with other people. A study by Argosy University’s Minnesota School on Professional Psychology found out that game addicts argue a lot with their teachers, fight a lot with their friends, and score lower grades than others who play video games less often. Performance in class may be negatively affected due to significant time spent in playing video games. Studies conducted by Anderson and Dill (2000) and one that was conducted by Gentile, Lynch and Walsh (2004) show that the more a person spends playing video games, the poorer is his performance in school. Computer gaming can also affect the health of the players. According to an online article entitled â€Å"the good and bad effects of video games† (2011), online gaming may also have bad effects on one’s health including obesity, video-induced seizures and postural, muscular and skeletal disorders such as tendonitis, nerve compression, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Conceptual Framework This study was based on a recent study conducted by Barlett, Anderson, and Swing (2009) and a study by the Raise Smart Kid organization which stated that there are confirmed positive and negative effects of computer gaming on studies of students who play the computer. Barlett, Anderson, and Swing stated that the â€Å"confirmed† negative effects of video games established by the research include aggressive thoughts and behavior, physiological arousal, and antisocial behavior On the other hand, Raise Smart Kid organization stated the good and bad effects of video games to. The article enumerated the positive effects of video games to children: following instructions, problem solving and logic, hand-eye coordination, fine motor and spatial skills, resource management and logistics, multitasking, quick thinking and making fast analysis and decision, inductive reasoning and hypothesis testing. Using the results of the study conducted by Barlett, Anderson, and Swing in 2009 and the study by the Raise Smart Kids Org as basis, this study aims to find out what effects do computer gaming have particularly on students of Business Administration of the College of the Immaculate Conception and enumerate both the positive and negative effects of the said activity on their studies and personal behavior.

Nutritional Facts Essays - Iron Metabolism, Dietary Supplements

Nutritional Facts Essays - Iron Metabolism, Dietary Supplements Nutritional Facts The first nutritional "fact" most Americans learn is that iron builds strong and healthy bodies.1 The beef lobby, cereal manufacturers, bread makers, and drug companies have bombarded the public with iron being the cure-all for fatigue and "iron-poor blood." People have been mislead by drug companies pushing iron supplements and by old-fashioned ideas about iron, the magical nutrient of strength. Even the cartoons of the past pushed iron as the secret ingredient in Popeye's spinach. Television advertisements used to urge people to "perk" up their "tired" blood with a liquid iron supplement called Geritol, but the Geritol ad was illegal. The Federal Trade Commission began an ineffective seventeen year battle with J.B. Williams Company, the original makers of Geritol, in 1959. In 1965, the company was ordered to stop airing its fraudulent ads. Americans saw the advertisements for six years before the stop order was given. By that time, there had been much damage to lots of people. The company continued to broadcast ads that stated that Geritol could make you feel better, improve your sex life, and marriage. Five out of eight of its new ads showed the transformation of a tired worn-out housewife into a "tigress." In 1970, the Justice Department filed a $1,000,000 suit against the J.B. Williams Company, charging that they did not stop their deceptive advertising as ordered by the Federal Trade Commission. In 1973 a judge gave J.B. Williams Company a total of $812,000 in fines. This was the largest ever for a Federal Trade Commission violation.2 Even today breakfast cereals are fortified with 25 - 200% of Federal Drug Administration's recommended daily intake of iron. Iron is also added to multivitamins, pastas, breads, and other processed food. Iron supplements are meant to prevent anemia, a condition in which blood is not able to carry the required amount of oxygen.3 Only two to six percent, mainly women and children, ever develop anemia. Human body contains about 2 to 5 grams of iron. Sixty to seventy-five percent of the iron is present in the form of hemoglobin. The center of the hemoglobin molecule is iron. Hemoglobin is found in the circulating red blood cells. Each red blood cell lasts about 120 days. Specialized scavenger cells in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow take up the old red blood cells and recycles the iron, fat, and protein. Iron is treated as "gold" by the blood. This careful recycling of iron means that our daily requirement of iron from food is quite small. The human body loses about 1 milligram of iron a day in the form of sweat, urine, and the natural sloughing of cells in the intestinal wall, hair, skin, and nails. Premenopausal women do not need more than one-half of a MacDonald's hamburger or a small bowl of Kellogg's corn flakes to prevent anemia. The iron stores are like water in a camel's hump. The human body can draw from them at any time. Most humans could live for long periods of time without iron from the diet. Premenopausal women, that lose 1.6 milligrams of iron per day, could last for three to seven months without depleting their iron stores of 200 - 300 milligrams of iron. Most men and postmenopausal women could go on without iron for two or more years. This assumes an average daily iron loss of one milligram and iron stores of at least 600 milligrams. The iron is transported and stored until needed. The extra amounts of iron are stored in the protein ferritin that is found inside the cells. In a normal person, the small intestines only absorb iron from food when the iron stores are low. If the body really becomes iron deficient, more iron is absorbed from food. As the body's stores of iron increase, the absorption of iron by the intestinal walls decreases.4 Some research shows that the intestinal cells do not have a way to decrease the percentage of meat iron absorbed from food when the iron stores are sufficient. The iron sneaks in because it is chemically attached to the heme in red meat. Only two to ten percent of the iron from fruits, vegetable, and grains is absorbed. Several studies show that vegetarians have lower iron stores

Exemplar Lesson Plan and rationale Essay Example

Exemplar Lesson Plan and rationale Essay Example Exemplar Lesson Plan and rationale Essay Exemplar Lesson Plan and rationale Essay Three objectives have been chosen connecting knowledge and awareness, with understanding and then extending into enhancement of personal resilience skills. This progression of knowledge to conceptual understanding and then skills development is constructivist in design (Piaget 1952) and also equips children with strategies to cope with loss as well as awareness of it, a key principle of effective loss education (Brown 2000, Stokes 2009, Winstons Wish 2011, Child Bereavement Charity 2011) They include awareness of feelings associated with the death of parent, which could be challenged as too sensitive for Y4 children, yet the reality is that many children are bereaved of a parent or experience similar emotions through separation and divorce by the time they are eight or nine (Childhood Bereavement Network 2009). The context here is softened by the use of fiction characters, allowing for empathy and transference of emotions (Brown 2000, Stokes 2009, Winstons Wish 2011, Child Bereavement Charity 2011) but this objective would be reconsidered if there was a child in this class who had been bereaved within the previous two years. In this situation I would consult with the child on the content and give the option of alternative work outside the classroom. Choice and involvement in planning for children who are affected by bereavement is critical to their coping success in these situations (Brown 2000, Stokes 2009, Winstons Wish 2011, Child Bereavement Charity 2011, Jigsaw4u 2011). In addition, Christs (2000) extensive research identified that children of the Y3-4 age range who are bereaved often want to talk about their situation and their lost parents.  The objectives are simple but require both imagination and some recognition of emotions/ feelings. These can be expected from Y4 pupils (DfES SEAL 2005, DfEE 1999, Antidote 2008) but individual class composition and stage of development would need to be a factor in the selection of objectives and in the differentiation of work (Kyriacou 2007, Pollard 2008). Curriculum Links The objectives and content link to the DfEE (1999) National Curriculum Non-statutory Guidelines for PSHE for Key Stage 2 which are currently in use in schools. These require children to communicate their own ideas and views, to use their imagination to identify with other peoples experiences and feelings and to now where support can be obtained for themselves or their family and friends. In addition it has drawn on the SEAL unit on Changes (DfES 2005) which identifies the need for coping strategies in times of life change such as parental loss. Content and Teaching and Learning Approaches  The content has been selected to meet the learning objectives (Kyriacou 2007). It involves interactive group storming of ideas to clarify the orphan status of the fiction character Harry Potter. However the storming in groups then feeding back to the class on all we know about Harry Potter is a way of briefing those children unaware of this character and his situation. The use of the word orphan (written on the board to assist visual recognition of the word and support visual learners (Kyriacou 2007) will focus attention on the main objective of the lesson and context for the following activities. The lesson then adopts a visual stimulus, (again supporting visual learners and introducing variety into the lesson input (Kyriacou 2007) showing an extract from the fist Harry Potter film when Harry is still of primary school age. This is done because this extract The Mirror of Erriseg deals directly with Harrys longing to know and meet his dead parents, something which the extract establishes is impossible. This, whilst sad, reflects the reality of the world the children live in and presents the truth rather than wish fulfilment, a factor which assists adjustment to real events in later life (Stokes 2004, Child Bereavement Charity 2011, Winstons Wish 2011. The development through question and answer addresses how and from whom Harry Potter gets help when he is feeling this sad or miserable moves the lesson onto the issue of strategies for support and also develops pace in the lesson (Kyriacou 2007).  The final activity asks children to draw around their own hand on paper and consider who they could go to if they are feeling sad or miserable. It is designed to help identify multiple support sources in their own life, and is both kinaesthetic in learning approach, developmental, in extending recognition of help and crucially takes the child from a fiction character to themselves all of which assist learning (Kyriacou 2007, Stokes 2004, Child Bereavement Charity 2011, Winstons Wish 2011). Careful supervision of this activity is needed, with those struggling to think of help sources supported by the teacher (who can at least add themselves to a finger on each of these hands (Stokes 2004, Child Bereavement Charity 2011, Winstons Wish 2011, Jigsaw4u 2011). The important point is that the children do have at least someone to turn to and thus should add a positive end to this lesson. Reference List Antidote (2008) The Emotional Literacy Handbook, London: Fulton  Child Bereavement Charity accessed at www.childbereavement.org.uk on 3/9/11  Brown, E. (2000) Loss, Change and Grief: An Educational Perspective, London: Fulton  This book provides a really practice and insightful guide to the support of children with bereavement needs in primary school. It addresses age related needs and responses and practical activities for teachers and support staff to use. It includes a detailed application of grief theory and offers advice on professional support outside school.  Childhood Bereavement Network National Childrens Bureau (2009) Key Findings from new CBN and NCB research in bereaved children, London: CBN/NCB

Code of Proffessional Conduct Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Code of Proffessional Conduct - Research Paper Example ents and future professionals in the accounting sector, it is therefore of utmost importance to understand these principals as well as their role in informing professional accounting and ethical organisational behaviour. The first guiding principle of the CPC as adopted by AICPA is the responsibilities principal which requires members to professionally sensitive and exercise moral judgements. Since professional accounts have a very essential role to play in society it is their responsibility to ensure public confidence in their work and promote the profession’s goal of governing itself. The public interest principle on the other hand places on professional accountants the obligation of putting the interest of the public at the forefront in all their actions. All stake holders including the customers, government, businesses investors and others heavily depend on work of accountants and as such they must win the trust of the public through highest standards of professionalism (AICPA, 2015). The third principle is integrity and whose goal is to ensure professional accountants discharge their duties in a manner that is rightfully just. They should be honest and adhere to highest levels of confidentiality while handling clients and ensure their personal gain does not subordinate service and the pursuit for public trust. The principle of objectivity and independence requires member to remain objective & independent in performing their duties and avoid conflicts of interests at all costs. Professional accountants are also guided by the principle of due care requiring them to consider professional, ethical and technical standards. They are expected to consistently to strive and improve their levels of competence, service quality and execute responsibility vested on them to the optimum of their ability. Finally there is the principle of scope and nature of services. It expects all professionals service the public in their practice to adhere to guidelines as per the CPC

A Narrative History (Brief Eighth Edition) Questions about chapter Assignment

A Narrative History (Brief Eighth Edition) Questions about chapter 18-23. George Brown Tindall - Assignment Example This reduced the ability of the confederate to survive. Obstacles that hindered the provision of equal citizenship for freed African Americans The death of Abraham Lincoln was a major setback to the provision of equal citizenship opportunities to the freed African Americans; this was also compounded by the tendency of the Southerners to restrict citizenship to only the white population. The newly elected president Andrew Johnson also did not show any interest in granting the freed African American equal opportunities of citizenships. Reconstruction Amendments and their purposes Various amendments were implemented in America in order to reconstruct the various sectors that were affected by the civil war for instance: The thirteenth amendment which was meant to eradicate slavery. The fourteenth amendment was also implemented to facilitate the effective implementation of then Civil Act Rights of 1866. Consequently, the third amendment is the Fifteenth amendment which was formulated with an objective of granting the African American the right to participate in voting activities. Reconstruction Plans by Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson and Congressional Reconstruction President Lincoln before his death had plans to incorporate the southerners in to the Union whereby 10% of the voting populace from the respective states which had participated in the previous elections of 1860 would take an oath of Loyalty to the Union and accept eradication of Slavery. Andrew Johnson on the other hand, demanded that 50% of the voting populace from each state that had participated in the last election would swear an allegiance to the Union and would formulate a constitution that would adopt the Thirteenth Amendment. Consequently, the Congressional Reconstruction had plans with specific stipulations that posited that; voters from the individual state would swear loyalty to the Union followed by a formulation of a constitution in each state in accordance to the demands of the Congress. T he congress also planned each officer of the confederate write a letter of pardon which they would review and accept the requirements of the 13th, 14th and the 15th amendments. Industries that formed the basis of the Economy of the New South After the civil war, the economy of the New South was supported by various industries such as; textile industries, steel and Agriculture which provided employment to over 70% of the populace in the South. Reasons why the blacks were disenfranchised in the 1890’s and how it was accomplished The major reason why the Blacks were disenfranchised in the 1890’s was due racial hatred that existed between races; it was done through arbitrary registration activities, conducting literary tests, lynching, mob killing as well as poll taxes. Differences in philosophy of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Du Bois According to Booker T, the African American would only be granted their full citizenship through their hard word and education a proof to the whites of the patience and faithfulness in conducting their duties. Du Bois on the other hand, opposed Booker T and posited that the latter’s ideology would only perpetuate the sufferings of the blacks from the hands of the whites hence campaigned for political acts and the promotion of

Why is the Equality and Diversity agenda important in the workplace Essay

Why is the Equality and Diversity agenda important in the workplace - Essay Example This being the case, the allocation of rewards and compensation among individuals is fairly done. Having equality and appreciating diversity in the workplace enables all the workers to have same working opportunities with due regard to the differences that exist between individuals (Garbers and Dupper, 2009). Failure to treat people equally at within the organizational setup may damage the culture and reputation of the company. Treating people equally in a workplace is essential if the organization has to operate effective and production maintained high. This is because inequality leads to poor morale among workers and sometimes laziness among those who are favoured (Garbers and Duppers, 2009). Equality also removes certain barriers to employment and career success for minority groups such as discrimination. The existence of diversity in the workplace in some cases leads to an increasing in positive competition and higher efficiency as the organisation hires qualified and energetic people and who have varieties of talents and skills (Cornelius, 2002). This helps and motivates the employers to develop their potentials and talents of the workforce hence utilising and maximising the efficiency of the organisation. Every employee in the organisation is entitled to a working condition that that promotes self esteem and respect in spite of their differences. Diversity in the workplace makes employees be able to understand and appreciate other people’s cultures according to Estlund (2003). Diversity in a work place, honours and appreciates skills, talents and knowledge of people at work by adding special richness toward teamwork and cohesiveness. The existence of diversity in the company provides an opportunity to workers to learn new skills and foster their various talents. Profit and non-profit companies requires diversity to become innovative, creative and open to changes hence

Western Australia Essay Example for Free

Western Australia Essay While the Australian Warlpiri people of Western Australia need to live within the laws and values of the Australian Government, as do all citizens living in Australia, preliminary conclusions show their lives also relate strongly to their community values, which are based on ngurra-kurlu, the ‘five pillars of society’. The Warlpiri people first made contact with non-Aboriginal Australians in the late nineteenth century. By the time they were finally extracted from the bush, the missionaries were being replaced by communities. (Wikipedia) Most of the Warlpiri people were placed in an Aboriginal settlement called Yuendumu, about 290 km north west of Alice Springs, but because the settlement was becoming overcrowded, in 1948 the Australian Federal Government decided to erect an Aboriginal Reserve at a waterhole 600 km north at Catfish. (Ozoutback. com) Once the road to Catfish was finished, the Welfare ordered 25 Warlpiri people into a truck and took them as far as Hooker Creek where they camped. Because there was a bore and the water was flowing they decided to stay there instead of at Catfish, which was about 30 km further on and another 400 Warlpiri were transported there. Later, the Hooker Creek dried up, but by then the settlement was already established and a further 150 Warlpiri people were transported there in 1951. (Ozoutback. com) The people were not happy to be taken away from their relatives, their country (land) and its sacred sites, so they all walked the 600 km back to Yuendumu, whereupon they were driven back to Hooker Creek in trucks; they walked back to Yuendumu again and again they were taken back. This time people stayed and children were born, and they started to call the place home. In the late seventies the Gurindji tribe â€Å"handed over† the country and the ‘The Dreaming’ to the Warlpiri and it terminated as a welfare state and renamed Lajamanu. (Ozoutback. com) My friend Pam and I wanted to find out first hand, how life has changed for these people, and how they balance colonial values with their own. So we organized a field trip to outback Western Australia, where we spent a month living within a community of Warlpiri people in a place called Lajamanu. We engaged in participant observation, in an effort to understand as much as possible about the way in which they lived and gain an emic perspective of the values to which they lived by. Using this method, we were able to maintain detailed fieldnotes and conduct interviews based on open-ended questions. We hired a four wheel drive vehicle in Alice Springs and set out on the Tanami track, which crosses the Tanami desert and seemed to head for the horizon and evaporate into the sky. The road was not sealed – just dirt – red dirt – bellowing behind us like rust colored clouds. Although travelling in beating heat we were vigilant in our perusal of what was around us: large areas of ‘spinifex’ and ‘mulga’. 3 A number of enormous hawks and eagles were swooping around the carcass of a red kangaroo, a meter long snake slithered into one of the mulga trees, and masses of bits of rubber, stripped from the tyres of cars and trucks were strewn along the side of the track. We could only drive slowly and only able to drive about 80 kilometers a day, camping by the road at night. On the third day we drove into harsh and rough ground with more vegetation, and although still exceedingly hot the rain started to fall heavily. The car became more difficult to manouvre as water was accumulating in various parts unable to sink into the ground quick enough. Around midday on the fourth day we stopped the car near a small water hole to have something to eat and a cold drink from our ice box, and just as we were about to move on a dark figure with a mop of unruly black and curly hair, wearing nothing but a piece of cloth around his waist came out of nowhere, seemingly from the sky in the distance and walked towards us. He seemed very friendly but spoke in a strange language that we could not understand. He seemed to be asking or directing us to some place and he appeared to want to jump on board. With the use of gestures, arms and hands, we were able to ascertain that he wanted to ride with us, which was fine with us. The track fell into a dry creek and the sun was glaring all colors of reds and oranges into the sky; brightly colored parrots fluttered up from scrub, and as the sun became lower the rocks and boulders seemed to be on fire, glowing red from the heat. Flies were everywhere, buzzing around our heads, settling on our arms and legs and crawling into our eyes. It wasn’t long before he started to make directions off on a smaller track and we understood that this must be where he came from. We turned off and it was not too long before we came across a small community. We stopped the car and our new found friend directed us to his house. As we meandered along, we saw nothing but parts of cars left rusting in the heat, houses in disrepair, potholed streets strewn with rubbish and everything covered in red dirt. It was dusk and people were sitting around open fires; children were running around wearing very little if anything but happily playing in the dirt with the fire lighting up their faces; women were sitting around the fire openly breast feeding their babies or nursing them in their laps, lulling them to sleep. An extremely tall and thin man stood up from the circle around the fire and with open arms, smiled and much to our surprise said â€Å"How yer going whitefellas? Me Benny Jangala. † After setting up camp we were invited to eat and one of the women produced what seemed like a small crocodile but we were told it was a ‘goanna. ’ She placed it on the fire and kept turning it with a stick until it was cooked. She then broke the animal in pieces with her hands and handed some to us. Other delicacies, such as witchety grubs, snake and kangaroo were thrown onto the fire and cooked. These were served with an assortment of different berries and leaves. We later found out that they know over a hundred different species of flora and fauna, all of which are used for either food, medicine or in ceremonies. They keep everything they think they could use, such as animal sinews for binding weapons, bones for implements and feathers for ceremonial use. (Broom, 1983, p. 12) As night progressed we were shown to a small humpy that was to be our home for the next few weeks. We were impatient to start fieldwork and the very next day we started getting accustomed with our new surroundings and lifestyle, and observing how these aboriginals lived. We hired Benny as our guide and interpreter and he was very willing to assist us whenever needed. We found out that we were living with a small community of Warlpiri people in a place called Lajamanu. They spoke the Warlpiri language and tracked their ancestry to the country around the ‘granites’4 or had bonds to that same country through different family dreamings. These linkages by ancestry and dreamings entitled them to hunt in that area and required them to take care of its sacred places. Children often liked to visit us and they would usually come in to our humpy unannounced, rummage among our supplies and survey the room. They seemed to have no concept of privacy and seemed to consider our humpy open and available to all. One time two older girls were looking through each other’s hair for lice and invited Pam to sit with them so that they could search her hair. After a few days Pam was given the name Napangardi and I was given the name Jungarrayi, because Napangardi is normally married to Jungarrayi. After we were given these new names the children would call us by those names. At first, one small girl started laughing and flapping her arms around in the air, then she ran over to Pam and put her arms around her waist, screaming â€Å"Napangardi! you are my daughter! † The girl’s skin name was Nangala, which made her Pam’s mother, because Nangalas were mothers of Napangardis. This also made her my mother-in-law, to whom I was not allowed to talk to, according to Warlpiri taboo. (Ways of Thinking, p. 3 and 8) Later we were able to find out more about skin names. A group of Aboriginal people were sitting together talking as one mother was pointing to various people in the group; she was teaching her little girl their skin names. She told us that every Warlpiri person has a skin name and that name ordains how that person relates to every other person in the community. Everyone is born into the skin group related to their parents. There are eight skin groups and men’s skin names begin with J and women’s with N. The skin system is part of a more intricate kin system and they both relate the Warlpiri people to the sky, desert, trees, rocks, animals, plants and to the law, the dreaming, the rituals and a body of knowledge. (Ways of thinking, p. 4) One morning Benny introduced us to one of the tribe elders and we asked him about the different names they used; he told us that a Warlpiri person can have several names which include the relevant skin name, a bush name and a ‘whitefella’ first name. A Warlpiri person may be referred to as â€Å"X’s son/daughter†, which can sometimes cause confusion if â€Å"X† has more than one son or daughter, because each one could be referred to in the same way. As a child grows older they may also be given a nickname derived from a physical characteristic or some specific incident or mishap. (Smith, 2008, p3. 5) He also told us about a tribal law that does not allow a woman to speak directly to her son-in-law, nor the son-in-law to her. They must ask another person in the Warlpiri kin system, to speak for them. There is also what is referred to as ‘mother-in-law’ language, which is a kind of secret language which son-in-laws can use when speaking in ear-shot of their mother-in-law. (Ways of thinking, p. 4)